Bursitis

Bursitis often develops suddenly following an impact or repetitive movements. Learn more about this condition and its treatments.

 

What is bursitis?

The human body contains numerous synovial bursae—small fluid-filled cushions that reduce friction between bones, muscles, and tendons. Bursitis refers to the inflammation of one of these sacs, which can irritate surrounding structures such as tendons and muscles. Conversely, irritation of a nearby structure, like a tendon, can also trigger inflammation of the bursa.

Bursitis can result from an impact, such as a fall on the elbow affecting the olecranon bursa, or on the shoulder affecting the subacromial bursa. It can also arise from repetitive movements—for example, someone starting a running plan too quickly may irritate the trochanteric bursa and gluteus medius, or the bursa of the big toe in relation to hallux valgus. The most common case is subacromial bursitis of the shoulder, often following strenuous tasks like painting, tree cutting, or hedge trimming. Bursitis most commonly affects the elbow, shoulder, hip, and big toe. Infectious bursitis can also occur and requires closer medical follow-up.

 

Symptoms

Regardless of whether it’s infectious or not, bursitis generally causes pain and inflammation in the affected joint. Signs of inflammation include warmth, redness, swelling, or edema in the region. Swelling may sometimes be visible depending on the severity. Pain is often reproduced with movements involving the joint. Septic bursitis may also cause fever and skin lesions.

 

Possible treatments

Initially, it is important to rest the affected joint for a few days to reduce irritation and inflammation. Rest does not usually require full immobilization. Physiotherapists can guide patients on which movements to limit temporarily while encouraging safe activity to maintain blood flow and overall mobility.

Cryotherapy, such as applying ice to the joint, can help reduce pain during the inflammatory phase and support a quicker return to activity.

Once pain decreases, gradual resumption of activities is recommended. Physiotherapists help set short- and long-term goals to regain pre-injury activity levels. Targeted exercises for mobility, strength, flexibility, and motor control are provided to allow safe progress while minimizing pain. The root cause of the friction must also be addressed to prevent complications, such as bursa thickening. Optimal movement and motor control are key preventive aspects in physiotherapy.

Manual therapy is also part of bursitis treatment. Physiotherapists may work on joint mobility or muscle tension if stiffness is identified during assessment.

Medically, anti-inflammatory medications or corticosteroid injections may be recommended. In cases of septic bursitis, antibiotics are required to treat the underlying infection.

Would you like to meet a specialist?

Book an appointment