Conditions
- Osteoarthritis
- Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
- Sports Injuries
- Bursitis
- Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
- Neck Pain / Arm Pain (Cervicalgia / Brachialgia)
- Headaches / Head Pain
- Muscle Strain / Muscle Pull
- Concussion
- Numbness
- Sprains / Ligament Injuries
- Epicondylitis
- Fracture
- Disc Herniation
- Low Back Pain / Sciatica
- Postural Problems
- Post-Surgery Rehabilitation
- Patellofemoral Syndrome
- Tendinitis
- Shin Splints
- Plantar Fasciopathy
Sprains / Ligament Injuries
Sprains / Muscle Strains
The term sprain is the most commonly used medical diagnosis when a ligament injury is suspected (called a sprain in English). It is also popularly referred to as a “foulure” in French. It is important to note that a sprain can also occur in muscles (strain in English).
Ligament Sprains
Ligaments are made of parallel collagen fibers that are not very elastic, designed to withstand forces on the body. Ligaments connect bones to form a joint and help stabilize and guide joint movements. For example, if an ankle moves too far inward, the ligaments are meant to stop the movement and prevent injury. However, if the force exceeds what the ligament can tolerate, a ligament sprain occurs.
Ligament sprains are classified into three grades:
- Grade 1: Stretching or partial tear of some fibers
- Grade 2: Partial tear with instability of the affected joint
- Grade 3: Complete tear of the ligament fibers with joint instability
These grades indicate the severity of the injury and the degree of secondary instability. Note that the severity should not be judged solely by bleeding or swelling. Each sprain is unique, and the clinical presentation varies depending on the patient’s history.
Muscle Strains
A muscle strain is similar to a ligament sprain. Commonly called a pull, it occurs when muscle fibers tear. Muscles are attached to bones via tendons to generate force. A strain happens when excessive force is applied to the muscle, causing fiber tearing and damage to surrounding structures (cell membranes, tissues, blood vessels).
Muscle strains use the same grading system as ligament sprains:
- Grade 1: Stretching or partial tear of some fibers
- Grade 2: Partial tear with strength loss
- Grade 3: Complete tear with loss of function
Muscle strains most frequently occur in the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves, though they are not limited to these muscles.
Important: If you suspect a complete muscle tear—such as sudden severe pain, significant bleeding, a lump forming along the muscle, or inability to contract the muscle—seek immediate medical attention to ensure proper management.
Importance of Prompt Care
Rapid management of ligament and muscle sprains limits complications and allows quicker return to daily activities. Untreated ligament sprains can lead to early osteoarthritis (premature joint degeneration).
A physiotherapist can assess the severity and grade of your sprain and develop a personalized rehabilitation plan. This plan may include:
- Tissue healing support
- Joint mobility preservation
- Prevention of future sprains
The physiotherapist works with you to ensure safe recovery while maintaining optimal performance. Early intervention allows for better long-term outcomes and helps you reach your functional goals efficiently.
Reference: Brukner & Khan’s, Clinical Sports Medicine: Injuries, Volume 1, 5th edition, 2018.
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